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Home |
Cultural Extremists |
On the 'Nican Tlaca' Enigma |
The Myth of the Vanishing Race |
The Mestizo Concept: A Product of European Imperialism |
El concepto de indio en América |
OBITUARIES: G. Tantaquidgeon, 106 |
HOW COLUMBUS CREATED THE CANNIBALS |
Christopher Columbus - on trial |
Charioteer of the Gods/ Alien Versus Predator |
The International Jew |
On The Jewish Question |
Anthropophagy: TRUE CANNIBALISM! |
On Human Sacrifice |
Sacrificios Humanos entre los Mexicas, Realidad o Fantasia? |
Sacrificios Humanos |
Death Be Not Strange |
Jack D. Forbes: Eurocentric Concepts Harm Native People and What Do We Mean By America and American |
Contra la deformación histórica-cultural |
Nuestra Cultura Indígena |
On the Spanish Catholic Inquisition |
Myths of the Spaniards and Puritans |
On the behavior of the Europeans toward the Native Americans |
The Role of Disease in 'Conquest' |
Germs, Plagues, Famine, Invasion, Friars, And Native Allies! |
"Religious Aspects of the Conquest of Mexico" |
There is no word for 'Devil' in the Nahuatl Language |
Origins of First Americans Research |
Links to Further research On the Origins of the First Americans |
The Finding and Founding of Tenochtitlan |
Attack on the Copernican Theory |
Of the basis which the Indians have for worshipping the sun |
ADDENDUM II: The Florentine Codex |
Rabinal Achi: Act Four--Inside the Fortress |
Cultural Visibility and the Cora |
Los Voladores and the Return of the Ancestors |
War Songs of the Tenochka |
Cantares Mexicanos |
Viva Mi General Francisco Villa! |
In Spirit of Agustin Lorenzo |
Corridos y Canciones del Pueblo |
Teotecpillatolli |
Poems & Speeches & Prayers & the Enemy Invasion |
Second Chapter, Which Telleth of the Moon |
Men Who Became Gods! |
The Mexica or Mexiti |
POPUL VUH |
EL TLACUACHE Y EL COYOTE |
In Ixiptla In Teteo! |
Teotecpillatolli: Noble Sacred Speech |
Nahua Invocations |
Cuento: La llorona |
Curatives |
Puerta del Diablo: El Salvador |
Moctezuma el Magnifico y la Invasion de Anahuak |
In Blood and Fire!! |
Rules |
Excerpts of the Geneva Protocols |
Amendment V, and The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 18 |
Paper Wars |
The Defense of Duffer's Drift |
The Battle of the Bulge |
Truth and Falsehood in War-Time |
The Bryce Report |
Sun Tzu: Arte de Guerra |
Sun Tzu: On Spies |
We Believe and Profess |
Mushashi: Cinco Anillos |
Sixth Chapter, which telleth of the men, the valiant men |
Seeds of Revolt in the Americas: Synopsis |
'Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders' & 'License To Kill' |
CALIFORNIA SENATE BILL No. 670 |
Jose Ortega Y Gasset: On Plato's 'Republic' and On Forms of Government |
Thomas Paine (17371809). Common Sense. 1776 [Excerpts] |
Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality |
Introduction to Deloria's "We Talk, You Listen" |
My Tayta Jose Maria and the Indian aspect of the Peruvian Revolution |
TO THE SUNDANCE NATIONS OF THE GREAT PLAINS |
Philip Deere, Longest Walk speech |
Bacbi'awak: 'Made To Die' |
Born Gods! |
Prologue: "The Stars We Know: Crow Indian Astronomy and Life-ways" |
Black Elk Speaks: Visions of the Other World |
Miantinomo, Acuera, and Tecumseh, Hatuey Speaks |
Chief Seattle Speaks |
Chief Red Cloud Speaks |
Hopi: A Message for All People |
On Judeo-Christianity |
"LET'S MAKE A SLAVE" by Willie Lynch |
On Slavery |
On Indian Casinos |
Protocols |
¿Quién Gobierna el Mundo? |
Frida Kahlo is Not Our Hero! |
Links to Movies and Films |
General Links to Musica del Pueblo (Songs and Music Videos) |
General Philosophy & Mytho-Religious Links |
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LINKS: AMERICA INDIGENA / MEXICO INDIGENA |
LINKS to Political and Cultural Pro-American-Indigenous Organizations |
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The Influenza Pandemic of 1918
The
influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between
20 and 40 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. More people
died of influenza in a single year than in four-years of the Black Death Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351. Known as
"Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza of 1918- 1919 was a global disaster.
La viruela. Aliada de los conquistadores
En
términos de la devastación causada en las sociedades medievales y modernas, la peste negra es solamente comparable con
la viruela. Sin embargo, la historia temprana de la viruela presenta grandes dificultades para el historiador de la
medicina, ya que, es muy difícil establecer un diagnóstico diferencial entre la viruela y otras enfermedades eruptivas
de tipo febril, como el sarampión, la varicela o la escarlatina, a partir de las descripciones proporcionadas por los
cronistas.
No cabe duda que conquistadores españoles contaron con un inesperado, silencioso y mortal aliado que
contribuyó notablemente al éxito de Cortés y a la pronta caída de Tenochtitlán. Un soldado de la expedición de Pánfilo
de Narváez arribó a México enfermo de viruela, enfermedad hasta entonces desconocida en Mesoamérica. La falta de inmunidad
natural a la viruela permitió que ésta se extendiera rápidamente entre la población indígena con desastrosas consecuencias para
la misma. En pocas semanas miles de indígenas sucumbieron a la viruela; recordemos que el propio Cuitláhuac, penúltimo
emperador azteca, falleció por causa de esta enfermedad. Recientes estimaciones epidemiológicas han llevado a postular
que durante los primeros veinticinco años posteriores a la Conquista más de un tercio de la población indígena sucumbió
a la viruela. Es probable que tal devastación natural haya contribuido en forma radical al establecimiento del régimen
colonial, explicando también en parte por qué imperios tan poderosos y organizados como el azteca y el inca fueron borrados
del mapa, sin mayor oposición, en unos cuantos años. El príncipe Baltasar Carlos (1630-46) heredero del trono muere a los 16
años de viruela, con la perniciosa colaboración de la medicina de la época, que lo sangró repetidas veces. La viruela cambió
así, nuevamente, el rumbo de la Historia de España, ya que practicamente extinguió la Casa de Austria, al resultar impotente
el sucesor, su hermano Carlos II, conocido como el Hechizado. Esta circunstancia se repetirá poco más tarde con Luis
I de Borbón.
El 14 de mayo será por siempre una fecha memorable en la historia de las ciencias en general y
del efecto preventivo de la vacuna en particular. Ese día del año 1796, El inglés Edward Jenner hizo la primera inoculación
contra la viruela. James Phipps, un niño de ocho años de edad, fue el primer inoculado con secreción recogida de una pústula
vacuna (viruela de vacas) en la mano de una lechera que se había infectado durante un ordeño. El primero de julio siguiente inoculó
de nuevo al pequeño, esa vez con pus procedente de una persona enferma de viruela. Este quedó indemne, con lo cual se demostró
la acción profiláctica de la inoculación contra la viruela humana.
La vacunación contra la viruela se inició
en 1800 en los Estados Unidos, pero no se administró en forma rutinaria hasta principios del siglo XX. La viruela había
desaparecido hacia 1900 en varios países del norte de Europa. En 1914, las tasas de incidencia se habían reducido en
forma significativa en la mayoría de los países industrializados. No obstante, durante este mismo período, entre 1910
y 1914, se desató una epidemia en Rusia, que cobró las vidas de 200.000 rusos y casi 25.000 habitantes de los países europeos vecinos.
En la década de 1920, los programas de vacunación detuvieron la expansión de la viruela en varios países europeos, y para
la década de 1930 los únicos casos eran importados, con la notable excepción de España y Portugal. La viruela siguió
siendo endémica en estos dos países hasta 1948 y 1953, respectivamente. En Canadá, la propagación de la viruela llegó
a su fin a principios de los 40, mientras que en Japón se la detuvo cerca de 1950. La viruela endémica se erradicó de
20 países en el oeste y centro de África en 1970, en Brasil en 1971 y en Indonesia al año siguiente. La incidencia de
la viruela se derrumbó en forma drástica en 1972, con casos informados en ocho países endémicos en África y el sudeste
de Asia. Por último, se erradicó la viruela endémica del continente asiático en 1975. La difusión de la enfermedad se
detuvo en Etiopía en 1976 y en Somalía el 26 de octubre de 1977, fecha del último caso natural de viruela. S. Estos
casos accidentales fueron de hecho los últimos.
Hasta la fecha, la viruela es por tanto la única enfermedad
que se erradicó por completo; el último caso natural informado en el mundo se remonta a 1977 (se informaron dos otros
casos luego, en 1978, por contaminación en un laboratorio). De no haberse eliminado, la humanidad seguiría pagando un
elevado precio a este terrible flagelo. el 8 de mayo de 1980 la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud declaró formalmente erradicada
la viruela.
http://www.portaldehistoria.com/secciones/epidemias/la_viruela.asp
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Vease; Please Read:
Katrina Grosso Dr. Tirado Hist. 392.01
("One can say that successful
colonization was more to pathogens than traditional weapons of the Europeans.")
Fue el siglo XVI una catástrofe demográfica para México? Una respuesta basada en la demografía histórica
no cuantitativa
publicado en Cuadernos de Historia, no. 15 (Diciembre 1995), pp. 123-136
Robert McCaa
(traducido por Carlos Aguirre)
http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/nocuant/nocuant.htm
Was the 16th century a demographic catastrophe for Mexico? An answer using non-quantitative
historical demography
Robert McCaa
Department of History, University of Minnesota
Presented at the
V Reunión Nacional de Investigación Demográfica en México El Colegio de México, México, D.F. 5 al 9 de junio de 1995 forthcoming
(in Spanish) in the (long-delayed) conference proceedings © 1995
http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/noncuant/democat0.htm
Virgin Soil Epidemics: Understanding the Role of Disease in Conquest and Colonization
http://www.wou.edu/las/socsci/kimjensen/crosby.html
"Revisioning smallpox in Mexico City-Tenochtitlán, 1520-1950:
What difference
did charity, quarantine, inoculation and vaccination make?"
Robert McCaa, University of Minnesota
http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/pox/poxcity.doc
Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in the Conquest
of Mexico:
Robert McCaa version: March 14, 1994, excludes notes and bibliography ©Portions appearing in Journal
of Interdisciplinary History, 25:3 (Winter 1995), 397-431. rmccaa@tc.umn.edu
http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/vircatas/vir6.htm
Anti-Livestock Warfare
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/4/192525.shtml
Possible Scenario
A likely course of events might involve follow:
· A member of the terrorist
group travels to Asia (possible China) to obtain scabs or fluid from infected animal
· Terrorist infect a small
herd of swine to act as a incubator
· Samples are collected from herd and buffered at a pH between 6.5 and 11 to
maintain viability and are placed in aerosolizesers
· Members of the terrorist group travel to major livestock center
in the United States
· Members of the terrorist group gain access to major livestock markets throughout the United
States
· Members spray aerosolized FMD into pens of cattle and swine in sale barns, and trucks
· Animal are
then dispersed to different parts of the country
· Some animals begin to develop symptoms as early as 12 hours after exposure,
but initially are attributed to shipping stress
· After initially exposed animals have been moved out, the pens and grounds
are contaminated and posed to infect the next group of animals to enter the livestock market
The biologic economic
warfare cycle has begun. Before FMD can be initially diagnosed, it has already spread beyond the initial confines of
the livestock markets. Trucks hauling animals from market are dispersing the agent around the country. After the initial
diagnosis, herds are being quarantined around the country. USDA personnel are responding to multiple reported suspect herds, and
resources are being spread thin. The news media has picked-up on the news of possible FMD outbreaks, and the public is
becoming concerned. Misinformation concerning the Food and Mouth Disease in animals, and Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
in children is causing public panic. After the FMD serotype has been determined and linked to Asia, the source will
not be determined and the possibility of a BW attack will begin to be considered.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ep/avma/villard.html
History of Biological Warfare:
http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/medicalbook-history-biological-warfare.htm
Biological weapons can be deployed in three ways:
contamination
of food or water supplies, which are then ingested by the victims
release of infected vectors, such as mosquitoes
or fleas, which then bite the victims
creation of an aerosol cloud, which is then inhaled by the victims (or,
if the targets are plants, the cloud then settles on and infects the plants).
http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/Congress/Alibek01.htm
(NOTE: IN THE 1950' THE UNITED STATES WERE PRODUCING MILLIONS OF MOSQUITOES SO
AS TO USE THEM TO INFECT THE ENEMY WITH YELLOW FEVER. IN 1956 UNEFFECTED MOSQUITOES WERE RELEASED IN GEORGIA KILLING A DOZEN
OR SO INDIVIDUALS.)
See Also: http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/Congress/Alibek01.htm
Syphilis found in the "Old World"
Link 1: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/case_syphilis/Scientists debate syphilis origins
Tuesday, August 29, 2000
LONDON (AP)
- Recent excavations at a medieval friary in Northern England add weight to the theory that syphilis didn't come to Europe from
the New World.
Skeletons excavated at Hull, dated to between 1300 and 1450, had clear signs of syphilis, said Anthea
Boylston, a paleopathologist and leader of an archaeological team from University of Bradford in north England that
conducted the dig. Several other skeletons also showed signs of the disease, she said.
http://www.meritcare.com/news/world/viewarticle.asp?id=3002(ALSO, PROF. MACIEJ HENNEBERG AND RENATA HENNEBERG HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE THAT SYPHILIS EXISTED
IN THE OLD WORLD 2000 YEARS BEFORE COLUMBUS. SEE LINK 1 FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION)
-------------------------------------------------------
Plague and Public Health in Renaissance Europe
This project involves the creation of a hypertext archive of narratives, medical consilia,
governmental records, religious and spiritual writings and images documenting the arrival, impact and response to the
problem of epidemic disease in Western Europe between 1348 and 1530. When completed researchers will be able to follow themes
and issues geographically across Europe in any given time period or chronologically from the first cases of bubonic plague
in 1348 to the early sixteenth century.
Introduction Florence, 1348 Pistoia, 1348 Lucca, 1348
http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/osheim/intro.html[NOTE: RESEARCH ALSO UNDER THE HEADINGS: MEDIEVAL PLAGUES, BLACK DEATH, COLERA, SMALL
POX, PLAGUES IN EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 16TH CENTURY, MIDDLE 16TH CENTURY INQUISITION IN EUROPE, AND SO FORTH)
WHO: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION!
http://www.who.int/
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